hesiwk.cc 
[2] Elias，Norbert 1994 The Civilizing Process. Oxford：Blackwell.301.
[3] 有关出于仪式形目的烃行的移懂，请参见Wechsler，Howard J. 1985 Offerings of Jade and Silk：Ritual and Symbol in the Legitimation of the T’ang Dynasty. New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press.161-69。
[4] Ratchnevsky，Paul 1970 “?ber den mongolischen Kult am Hofe der Grosskhane in China.” In Louis Ligeti，ed.，Mongolian Studies. Amsterdam：B. R. Gruner，pp.426 and 428，and Marco Polo. The Description of the World. Trans. A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot. London：Routledge，1938. Vol. Ⅰ.229-30，233，and 234-35.
[5] ，100，阿拉伯语文本，and 158，德语译本。
[6] Peng and Xu Peng Daya and Xu Ting. Heida shilue. In MGSL. 473.此处“所谓的”一词表现了作者对这个非汉人政权的擎蔑。
[7] Jā?i?，LC Pellat，Charles，trans. Le livre de la couronne attribué a ?a?i?. Paris：Société d’é ditions Les Belles Lettres，1954.100-101.
[8] Manucci，Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mugul India，1653-1708. Trans. William Irvine. Reprint New Delhi：Oriental Books Reprint，1981.II，61-68 and 100.
[9] Munshī，Iskander. History of Shah . Trans. Roger Savory. Boulder，Colo.：Westview Press，1978.II，1092.
[10] Nakhchivānī，Mu?ammad Ibn Hindushāh. Dastūr al-kātib fī al-marātib. Ed. A.A.Alizade. Moscow：Nauka，1976. Vol.Ⅱ.62-63.
[11] 例如，可参见TTP Alderly，Lord Stanley，ed. Travels to Tana and Persia by Josafa Barbaro and Ambrogio Contarini. London：Hakluyt Society Publications，1873.133。
[12] Abū’l Fa?l，AA Abū’l Fa?l. The Akbār-ī Trans. H.Blochmann. Reprint Delhi：Atlantic Publishers，1979.I，47-49 and 231.
[13] Bernier，Fran?ois. Travels in the Mogul Empire，A.D.1656-1668. 2nd ed. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1934，218 and 359.
[14] Porphyrogenitus，TT Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions. Trans. John F.Haldon. Vienna：Verlag der ?sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaft，1990.105.
[15] Dio Chrysostom. Discourses. Trans. H.Lamar Crosby and J.W.Conoon. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1932-51.6.1.
[16] Diodorus Diodorus of Sicily. Trans. C.H.Oldfather et al. Loeb Classical Library；Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1935-57. XIX，21.3.
[17] 关于食物供给，可参见PFT Hallock，Richard T.，trans. Persepolis Fortification Tablets. Chicago：University of Chicago Press，1969.15 and 113-16。
[18] Buzand Garsoian，Nina G.，trans. The Epic Histories Attributed to Buzand. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1989.141 and 142.
[19] Ibn Isfandiyār Browne，Edward G.，trans. An Abridged Translation of the History of ?abaristān. Leiden：E.J.Brill and London：Bernard Quaritch，1905.115，and Nīshāpūrī，?ahir al-Dīn. The History of the Seljuq Turks from the al-Tawārīkh：An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljūqnāma of ?ahir al-Dīn Nīshāpūrī. Trans. Kenneth Allin Luther，ed. C.Edmund Bosworth. Richmond，Surrey：Curzon，2001.100.
[20] Herbert，Sir Thomas. Travels in Persia，1627-1629. Ed. William Foster. 1929. Reprint Freeport，N.Y.：Books for Libraries Press，1972.141-52，esp. 142，148，and 151.相关数据可参见Munshī，Iskander. History of Shah . Trans. Roger Savory. Boulder，Colo.：Westview Press，1978.II，1057。
[21] Munshī，Iskander. History of Shah . Trans. Roger Savory. Boulder，Colo.：Westview Press，1978.I，537，and II，1054-61，1211-12，and 1237.
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[24] G.Mundy Mundy，Godfrey Charles. Pen and Pencil Sketches in India：Journal of a Tour in India. 3rd ed. London：John Murray，1858.209，and Yule，Sir Henry and A. C. Burnell 1903 Hobson-Jobson：A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases. London：John Murray.774.
[25] 例如，可参见ASB Martin，Janet L.，trans. The Annals of St. Bertin. Manchester：Manchester University Press，1991.127，140，152，175，and 185，and CC Scholtz，Bernhard Walter，trans. Carolingian Chronicles：Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press，1970.125。
[26] 对这一特征的归纳基于相关文献的解读，请参见Hennebicque，Régine 1980 “Espaces sauvages et chasses royales dans le Nord de la France.” Revue du Nord 62：35-57，and Ewig，E. 1963 “Résidences et capitale pendant le haut Moyen Age.” Revue historique 230：25-72，esp. 29，60，63，and 70-71。
[27] 有关评论请参见Koch，Ebba 1998 Dara-Shikoh Shooting Nilgais：Hunt and Landscape in Mughal Painting. Occasional Papers 1. Washington，D.C.：Freer Gallery of Art.29。
[28] FCH Blockley，R.C.，trans. The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire. Vol. Ⅱ，Text，Translation and Historiographical Notes. Liverpool：Francis Cairns，1983.1，and Jordanes，The Gothic History. Trans. Christopher Mierow. Reprint New York：Barnes and Noble，1960.XXIV. 123-25.
[29] ON Shcherbak，A.M.，trans. Oguz-nāme. Makhaddat-nāme. Moscow：Izdatel’stvo vostochnoi literatury，1959.59-61；h ??fī?-i Tanīsh Bukhārī. Sharaf nāmah-shāhī. Ed. and trans. M.A.Salakhetdina. Moscow：Nauka，1987-88.I，18b，波斯语文本，and 63，俄语译本。关于金箭（Golden Bow）的象征形意义，请参见Harmatta，J. 1951 “The Golden Bow of the Huns.” Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 1：107-49。
[30] Avery，Peter 1991 “Nādir Shāh and the Afsharid Legacy.” In Peter Avery，Gavin Hambly，and Charles Melville，eds.，The Cambridge History of Iran，vol. 7，Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，pp.10.
[31] Rashīd/K Rashīd al-Dīn. al-tavārīkh. Ed. Karīmī. Tehran：Eqbal，1959.I，387.
[32] PSRL Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Moscow：Iazyki russkoi kul’tury，1997-2000.II，842；Hyp. Perfecky，George，A.，trans. The Hypatian Codex. Vol. Ⅱ，The Galician-Volynia Chronicle. Munich：Wilhelm Fink，1973.75；and Forbes，James. Oriental Memoirs. 1813. Reprint Delhi：Gian Publishing，1988.III，117.
[33] al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99，V，41，and ON Shcherbak，A.M.，trans. Oguz-nāme. Makhaddat-nāme. Moscow：Izdatel’stvo vostochnoi literatury，1959.8.7-10.4.
[34] Ye Longli. Qidan guoji. Shanghai：Guji chubanshe，1985.ch. 8，76，and JS Jinshi. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1975.ch. 6，147.
[35] HI Elliot，H.M.E. and John Dawson，trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians：The Muhammadan Period，1867. Reprint New York：AMS Press，1966.II，184，III，317，and IV，224 and 225.
[36] Ni?āmī，Ganjavi. The Haft Paykar：A Medieval Persian Romance. Trans. Julie Scott Meisami. Oxford：Oxford University Press，1995.41.13-84；al-?abarī. The History of al-?abarī. Trans，various hands. Albany：State University of New York Press，1985-99.XXX，324-25；and ，VI，227-28.
[37] d’Orléans，Pierre Joseph. History of the Two Tartar Conquerors of China. Trans. Earl of Ellesmere. Reprint New York：Burt Franklin，1971.49.
[38] Jā?i?，LC Pellat，Charles，trans. Le livre de la couronne attribué a ?a?i?. Paris：Société d’é ditions Les Belles Lettres，1954.，125-26.
[39] Abū l Fidā，M Abū’l Fidā. The Memoirs of a Syrian Prince. Trans. P.M.Holt. Wiesbaden：Franz Steiner，1983.77；HI Elliot，H.M.E. and John Dawson，trans. The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians：The Muhammadan Period，1867. Reprint New York：AMS Press，1966.V，372；and h ??fī?-i Tanīsh Bukhārī. Sharaf nāmah-shāhī. Ed. and trans. M.A.Salakhetdina. Moscow：Nauka，1987-88.II，194a，228a，233a，and 237a，波斯语文本，and 163，225，234，and 241，俄语译本。
[40] 捺钵制度是辽代独特的政治制度，所谓的捺钵，就是汉语中行营、行在、行帐、营盘的意思，是一种政治活懂的中心。辽代的皇帝保持着游牧民族的习俗，瘁夏秋冬四季会游猎在不同的地域，称为四时捺钵。
[41] LS Liaoshi. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1974.ch. 32，373-75；Wittfogel，Karl A. and Feng Chia-sheng 1949 History of Chinese Society，Liao（907-1125）. Philadelphia：American Philosophical Society.131-34；Taskin，V. S. 1973 “Pokhodnye lageria kidan’skikh imperatov.” In G. D. Sukharchuk，ed.，Kitai：Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo. Moscow：Nauka，pp.101-15；and Haenisch，Erich 1935 “Die Abteilung‘Jagd’im Fünfsprachigen W?rterspiegel.” Asia Major 10：64-66.
[42] LS Liaoshi. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1974.ch. 58，1037-75，and Stein，Rolf 1940 “Leao-tche.” T’oung-pao 35：81-93.
[43] YS Yuanshih. Beijing：Zhonghua shuju，1978.ch. 3，p. 47，and B ?āfī?-i Abrū. ?ayl al-tavārīkh-i Rashīdī. Ed. Khānbābā Bayānī. Salsatat-i instishārāt-i a?ār mīllī，88. Tehran，1971.118.
[44] Qāshānī，Abū al-Qasīm. Ta’rīkh-i ?ljaytū. Ed. M.Hambly，Tehran：B.T.N.K.，1969.31.
[45] PSRL Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Moscow：Iazyki russkoi kul’tury，1997-2000. I vols，to date.，247；PVL Povest vremennykh let po lavrent’evskoi letopisi. 2nd ed. trans. and ed. D.S.Likhachev and V.P.Adrianovoi-Peretts. St.Petersburg：Nauka，1996.102，古俄语文本，and 240，现代俄语译本；and RPC Cross，Samuel Hazzard and Olgerd P.Sherbowitz-Wetzor，trans. and eds. The Russian Primary Chronicle，Laurentian Text. Cambridge，Mass.：Medieval Academy of America，1953.211。
[46] Keightley，David N. 1978 Sources of Shang History：The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age China. Berkeley：University of California Press.181；Shaughnessy，Edward L. 1989 “Historical Geography and the Extent of the Earliest Chinese Kingdoms.” Asia Major 3rd ser. 11，2：1-22.ii；Fiskesj?，Magnus 2001 “Rising from Blood-Stained Fields：Royal Hunting and State Formation in Shang China.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 73：104-9；and Wittfogel，Karl A. 1940 “Meteorological Records from the Divination Inscriptions of Shang.” Geographical Review 30：126-28.
[47] 可参见He，Pingli 2003 Xunshou yu fengchan：fengjian zhengchi de wenhua guiji. Jinan：Qi Lu shushe.472-77，有他对这一问题广泛研究的总结。
[48] Vis. Wardrop，Oliver，trans. Visramiani：The Story of the Loves of Vis and Ramin. London：Royal Asiatic Society，1966.191 and 226.
[49] ，65，and GC Vivian，Katherine，trans. The Georgian Chronicle：The Period of Giorgi Lasha. Amsterdam：Adolf M.Hakkert，1991.27 and 101.
[50] Ibn Isfandiyār Browne，Edward G.，trans. An Abridged Translation of the History of ?abaristān. Leiden：E.J.Brill and London：Bernard Quaritch，1905.101，and CC Scholtz，Bernhard Walter，trans. Carolingian Chronicles：Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories. Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press，1970.170.
[51] Juvaynī/Q Juvayn?，. Ta’rīkh-i Jahāngushā. Ed. Mirzā Mu?ammad Qazvīnī. E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series 26. London：Luzac，1912-37.I，174；Juvaynī/B Juvaynī，. The History of the World Conqueror. Trans. John A.Boyle. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press，1958.I，218；and MKK Budge，Ernest A. Wallis，trans. The Monks of Kūblāi Khān. London：Religious Tract Society，1928.258-59.
